The curtains were drawn. A group of people huddled together in the isolation of their disappointment and fear. Things had not evolved as they expected. The leader they pinned their hopes on was gone, and all they’d worked so hard to accomplish appeared lost.
Rumors were floating around about him. Some said they had seen him. Not possible. They had to resolve themselves — what they had hoped was gone forever. One of the group ventured out into the streets. While gone, the rest of the group had an amazing experience . . . their leader appeared to them, reassured them, and shifted their hopelessness to joy and purpose.
Upon his return, the missing group member simply thought them confused. No way to believe such a mystical moment! Finally, the leader reappeared and all believed! And then those infamous words shaping so much of human life down through the centuries . . . “Blessed are those who do not see, and yet have come to believe.”
Years later, Irenaeus (a theologian and scholar who found himself in a key leadership position after many other leaders had been killed) staked his life on the validity of those words found only in the gospel of John. He worked diligently to remove other interpretations of Jesus’ life and death, and laid the foundation for what he called the four pillars of truth: Mark, Matthew, Luke and John. Ultimately, his teachings wove into the foundation of the Nicene Creed.
Centuries have passed since that time, and still his work remains. As do those challenging people . . . the doubting Thomases of today.
History, as history usually does, offers us ‘something else’ . . . another look at the power struggles of that day shaping Irenaeus’ actions. A power struggle not unlike the one we walk in today.
Elaine Pagels, a theologian and scholar, explores the controversy between the gospel of John and the gospel of Thomas in her book, Beyond Belief. Since her work was published in 2003, other insights have been shared — including publication for the masses of the gospel of Thomas, Mary Magdalene, Judas. Manuscripts unearthed for many decades before reaching the general public. Why?
Perhaps simply because these writings challenge truths considered without question for centuries. Perhaps because they tell us truths about ourselves we do not have to believe without seeing. We see and know and experience. We simply don’t accept and honor what we see and know and experience.
Let’s take a brief look at then. The world of the those who followed the teachings of Jesus was in great danger and chaos. Persecution abounded, and this odd group of believers found themselves as scapegoats for a struggling political system. Someone had to be at fault, and they were causing enough of a stir to fit the need.
At the same time, within the group of believers many ideas, thoughts, and interpretations were taking shape. Writing and teaching flourished, even underground. Two definitive directions emerged in the midst of many shades of each.
One held Jesus as supreme. Divine in human form. Apart and different from humanity in ways that could not be bridged. Only belief could suffice. Stories grew to affirm this premise. Stories many accept now as unquestionable truth.
Another view held Jesus as a master teacher. Showing humanity ways to a different kind of life. Ways people could choose to emulate. Experiences of healing, etc. when a person chose to reach for a healing touch. Experiences of healing when a person chose to be a healing touch. Powers within each human waiting to be used. Waiting to be recognized and honored.
As so often happens, to prove one’s point, the extremes of both emerged. Jesus as a god. Jesus as a part of a secret society. That left most of the people somewhere in between. Who was this man so many followed, even after his death?
Elaine Pagels’ research states: For John, Jesus has become more than the messenger of the kingdom – and even more than its future king: Jesus himself has become the message. (65) Whereas Thomas claims we are (or may become) like Jesus, John emphatically says no: Jesus in ‘one of a kind’ — for he insists that God has only one son, and he is different from you and me. AND he argues that we have no innate capacity to know God, rather only by believing in Jesus can we find divine truth. (67)
The foundation of the kingdom of heaven as here and now, lives in Jesus as according to John. In Thomas, that same foundation lives in each and all of us. (51) Rather than turning to Jesus/God for the way, Thomas instructs us to find the way for ourselves. (53) To know the kingdom as inside you and outside you. To truly know oneself, rather than dwelling in the poverty of not knowing one’s self (54) To break you open, out of who you are! (56)
Irenaeus, who believed John the true gospel, thought such innovation proved that one had abandoned that true gospel . . . rather than the thought of writers and artists today and then for whom originality is evidence of genuine insight. (12
Irenaeus was not brutal, power hungry . . . rather a man tossed into the turmoil of vicious persecution of his friends and colleagues. In his time, survival presented itself as paramount. And unity of thought and belief was necessary for survival!
He watched interpretation after interpretation rise from the basic premises of Jesus’ life, and he observed those differences separating the group of ‘Christians’ more and more. He believed in the existence of an essential gospel message upon which salvation depended.
So . . . “when Ireneaeus confronted the challenge of the many spiritual teachers, he acted decisively, by demanding that believers destroy all those ‘innumerable secret and illegitimate writings’ that his opponents were always invoking, and by declaring that, of all versions of the ‘gospel’ circulating among Christians, only four are genuine. In taking these two momentous — and, as it turned out, enormously influential — steps, Irenaeus became a chief architect of what Christians in later generations called the New Testament canon, a carpenter’s term meaning ‘guideline’ — often a string with a weight attached — to check that a wall is straight.” (147-4
The rest is, as we say, history.
Now, Irenaeus was not alone in his belief nor in his leadership. But he was a clear and powerful voice that led a movement in a specific direction. We should not be too surprised at this reality. The same has happened over and over again in history. A voice steps forward and masses follow — quite often without any question.
So, what about here and now?
We must remember that this process of questioning, struggling with ‘truth,’ and evolving truths continues. In many ways it is still easier to claim one way or the other as the last word and testament. To require people to believe, think, act a certain way to be good, ok, right. This approach is one of control . . . now and then.
To gather a group of people into one room, and to give those people the privilege of expressing their unique selves in one community — well, that is not a structure generally accepted and nurtured. DO we really think, and act as if we acknowledge the possibility of mystics and scientists, spiritualists and humanists, men and women, gay and straight, dark and light, etc. etc. learning from each other and working with each other for a common purpose of living life wisely and well????
It was/is easier to mandate a WAY that somehow rises above another way . . . to judge and condemn based on that way. And so Thomas became doubting Thomas for the last 2000 years.
What if we instead questioned each other with the purpose of learning from each other, rather than judging and condemning? What if we see the story of Thomas as our story? Can we accept the possibility that “I” may not have it all, and that “other” may have a valid piece of the life puzzle? We say so, and yet, we rarely think/act so. In fact, we often refuse to openly discuss while we maintain control behind the scenes in whatever ways work for us (secret conversations, withholding money/affection/etc., withdrawing) What lies within us impacts the world around us, even if we think we are not expressing. And so the struggle continues on and on . . . challenging truths, clearing the way for the open womb to receive and create . . .
In early Greek, the word now defined as ‘perfection’ actually meant ‘completeness’ — a challenge for us today lives profoundly in the mission of understanding, accepting, nurturing ‘completeness’ and releasing our controlling views of ‘perfection.’ Bringing order out of turmoil . . . not by mandating one ‘right’ way, rather by teaching AND learning from abundance and diversity.
Building our own theology reflects this course of understanding. One might define “divine presence” by simply using the terms “being fully who one is” and/or “being fully engaged with both life within oneself and around oneself.” Both phrases can be found in many variations in the gnostic works.
How to be fully human and connected to the profound sources of life (God, etc.) are questions echoing down through the ages. We are not immune to those questions, and we seek to resolve them in much the same way as our past brothers and sisters. Either —- Or.
AND we all need OTHER to be fully human. Whether we engage with nature, a mystical Other of some form, a scientific exploration, marriage and child-rearing, etc. etc. —- we are still seeking other than ourselves for growth and fulfillment. It simply is as it is.
The older I get, the less need I have to transform religion in any way. Rather I find myself more and more engaged with transforming human relationship of all kinds — with self, with others, with life, with universe, etc. At times this quest engages “religious” story and doctrine that helps and/or hinders the wise and loving evolution of human relationship. At times the quest travels elsewhere. I use to wonder why I studied health sciences, counseling, and religion. I no longer wonder as I observe all of them weaving together.
The questions of process remain . . . are we ready to leave behind us our battles against those who live life differently? Are we ready to learn from diversity, welcome its presence, and nourish its growth? Are we ready to take the risks of completeness while releasing the power struggles of perfection?
Not just in the community and the world around us. Also here and now within this Fellowship and within ourselves.
We are the gods and goddesses of old, yielding amazing powers. A fearsome aspect of this planet’s evolution. Looking to some divine essence beyond us no longer controls our power, rather increases the potential of its destructiveness. For centuries many people and civilizations died in the wake of “God’s will.” Now we find our entire planet at risk.
Bending other’s wills to our own as we challenge truths is no longer a creative option, if it ever was. To demand that I must sign away my sense of the mystical to be a ‘right’ humanist is no longer ok. To demand that I release my reason to embrace your mystery is no longer ok. For a few to decide what this UU Fellowship MUST look like is no longer ok.
Critical thinking and wise discernment does not equal condemnation and labeling of that which disturbs us, differs from our own thinking and discernment. What was truth yesterday is often not today, and vice versa. Doubting and challenging is not a bad thing. And yet, let’s not fall victim to Irenaeus’ methods, even though our struggle is much the same. To be in relationship with diversity challenges us to learn and grow, to accept and release, to disagree and agree —- all the while evolving into a unique completeness of our individual and collective humanness.
Challenging truths does not mean controlling truths. Irenaeus, and many others like him, struggled to create order in what they perceived as turmoil and chaos. The intent was not to destroy, rather to save. Perhaps it is time to seek to create, a process that within itself embraces both chaos and order?
Challenging truths can become clearing the ways for new forms of growth, richer more abundant life, deeper and engaged humanness! Not pathways to limiting and controlling. Form and structure do not have to equal control, rather build secure and nourishing ways to be creative in the ways we row our own canoes of life, individually and as a group!
Moving beyond the belief that one way or the other is the best! Embracing a human reality that we each and all have something of unique value to contribute. We each and all have much to learn from other, and much to share with other.
I want to close with this Fellowship example: We cannot possibly evolve into microcosm of multi-dimensional Cosmos. Our history shows us we cannot fully agree, work together. We are wasting our monies to even try.
Perhaps the question here is not so much to doubt our ability, rather to doubt the standards of agreement and working together?! Not to believe so much in what we cannot see/faith, as to accept and work together in many ways to fully evolve into who we are. Does not even require belief in what is not seen, rather an acceptance of what we have seen as possible within ourselves. Requires an opening of our definition of humanness. An investment in our living daily.
We don’t need to believe in something unseen, rather move beyond belief to acceptance of what is present in each and every one of us. Powerful. Precious beyond monetary price. The choice is ours!
Wanda Daniel
Consulting Minister